The progress of dimerization during the mending process was calculated based on equations 1, 2, 3. The fractional populations of the dimer and two isomeric monomers at each stage are summarized in Table 2. After the initial photoirradiation, the amount of the trans-monomer reduced to 3%, and the amounts of the dimer and the cis-monomer grew to 77% and 20%, respectively (II). The mechanical damage inflicted on the sample resulted in the cleavage of the cyclobutane rings used to generate cis-cinnamate (III). In all, 10% of the dimer was monomerized back to the cis-forms. By re-irradiating the sample, the dimerization proceeded again (IV). The amount of dimer recovered to 74%. This shows that the cyclobutane rings broken by mechanical stress can be repaired by photoirradiation in the PBAC2:C4 system. The recovery of the broken covalent bonds by photoirradiation can repress macrocrack formation. In addition, during this damaging and mending process, dimers located away from the damaged sections remain intact. This robust structure allows for maintenance of the sample shape.
Reserve argues that because the sinking of the barge physically prevented any other vessel from using its mooring site while the barge was being salvaged, it is entitled to recover its lost income. Merely because other vessels were unable to moor at Reserve's facility for a period of time, however, does not mean that Reserve has suffered physical injury entitling it to recover purely economic losses. For example, in Getty Refining and Marketing Co. v. MT FADI B, 766 F.2d 829 (3d Cir. 1985), the defendant's ship was forced to remain in the plaintiff's marine terminal for several days after it sustained a crack in its deck and hull while unloading cargo. The plaintiff sought to recover its economic losses incurred when other ships were unable to dock at the plaintiff's facility. The Third Circuit denied the plaintiff recovery for its purely economic losses because the defendant's negligence did not result in any physical harm to the plaintiff's facility, but only interfered with the plaintiff's contractual relations with other vessels scheduled to use the dock. Id. at 833; see also Consolidated Rail Corp. v. M/T HOEGH FORUM, 630 F. Supp. 83, 86 (E.D. Pa. 1985) (rejecting a claim for economic losses incurred when the defendant's ship was ordered by a court to remain at the plaintiff's berthing facility and thereby prevented the use of the facility). Like the plaintiff in MT FADI B, Reserve cannot escape the fact that Defendants' negligence did not result in physical damage to Reserve's mooring facility, but only interfered with Reserve's business expectancy by preventing other vessels from mooring at the facility for a period of time.
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